Can You Use Dewormer in an All Natural Beef Program
VY-51
Animal Health
Cooperative Extension Service
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907
Treating for Internal Parasites of Cattle
R. L. Morter, D.V.M., Larry Horstman, D.5.M.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University
Although specific estimates are non available, economic losses from worm parasite infections of cattle can be meaning. But the extent of internal parasite problems is usually related to management practices that increment exposure, whereas ongoing preventive management practices will minimize losses acquired by parasite infections.
This publication recommends times to worm, types of wormers normally used, withdrawal fourth dimension before slaughter, and methods of assistants to various classes of cattle.
When to Worm Immature Cattle
Calves under one year of age are more susceptible than older cattle. Older cattle frequently take been exposed to the parasites and developed a degree of immunity.
Developed worms in the gut of cattle produce eggs that are passed in the carrion. The eggs hatch, producing immature larvae that develop and move up onto the pasture grasses. Infective larval forms of the worms may be present in large numbers on the growing forage. Some of the eggs tin survive the winter and hatch out with warm weather. Temperatures between 60° and 80°F. and at least 2 inches of rainfall per calendar month provide first-class propagation conditions. Feed bunks or waterers contaminated with feces can be a source of exposure to the larvae.
The need to worm calves during the summertime depends strictly on the caste of contamination of pastures or lots. Apply of the same pastures twelvemonth after twelvemonth or high densities of grazing cattle can result in heavily contaminated forage. The number of times calves should exist wormed during the spring and summer depends on the level of exposure and reinfection. Dairy calves confined to small lots around the farmstead may demand to exist wormed several times during the summer.
Feeder Cattle
Worming of cattle at the time they enter the feedlot is toll-effective only if the load of parasites they are carrying is cracking plenty to reduce the charge per unit of proceeds. The determination to worm cattle can be based on finding large numbers of worm eggs past microscopic examination of carrion. Alternatively, cattle from the southeastern United States can by and large be expected to accept a heavier load of parasites than western cattle. The parasite load of cattle from the Midwest volition be variable.
Internal parasites have the greatest bear on on charge per unit of gain when cattle are on depression energy levels which are typical of receiving or backgrounding rations. Therefore, worming feedlot cattle when they are processed into the feedlot will requite the best returns.
Beef Cows
The cow herd is the major source of initial exposure of the calves. I of the well-nigh important worms in cattle lives in the abomasum, the truthful tum. The stomach worms are active during the grazing season busily laying eggs. At the cease of the grazing flavor they bury themselves in the breadbasket wall and are dormant until bound when they emerge and commencement egg laying. Timely deworming prior to the grazing flavor volition greatly reduce the subsequent contamination of pastures during the grazing flavor.
The pregnant cows can exist dewormed in the fall. The cows can be expected to wintertime better, have a higher conception rate the next convenance season, and wean heavier calves.
Dairy Cows
Dairy cows kept in drylots or semi-solitude have admission to fecal contaminated feed or water; this practice results in a detrimental load of internal parasites. Mature cows should be wormed at the cease of lactation to avert discarding milk, or wormed at whatever time with Morantel tartrate, because this product does not require discarding of milk. Replacement heifers should be wormed as yearlings and again prior to entering the milking herd.
Dairy Calves
Dairy calves confined to small lots ofttimes carry heavy loads of worm parasites. It may be necessary to worm them twice or more during warm weather to maintain desired growth rates.
General Utilize Dewormers
Deworming with one of several anthelmintics (wormers) canonical for use in cattle is an effective preventive practise. Consult your veterinarian apropos strategic worming; timing the deworming to be the nearly toll effective.
Fenbendazole (Panacur) is available every bit a stable suspension or granules. It is effective against roundworms in the gut, larval forms in the tissues, and lungworms. Withdrawal fourth dimension to slaughter is viii days.
Ivermectin (Ivomec) for cattle is an effective medication against the internal worm parasites including lungworms as well as cattle grubs and sucking lice. Information technology is available in injectable or pour-on formulations. Withdrawal time to slaughter is 35 days.
Levamisole (Levisol, Tramisol) is available in boluses, a paste for oral assistants, as a pour-on or an injectable form. Levamisole is constructive against roundworms and lungworms. Withdrawal time is (orally) 2 days and (injected) 7 days.
Morantel tartrate (Rumatel) comes in boluses or crumbles for oral utilize. It is effective against roundworms, and has a 14-solar day withdrawal time to slaughter.
Thiabendazole (Omnizole, TBZ) for oral administration is available in paste, boluses, suspension, or crumbles. It is constructive against roundworms. Thiabendazole is approved for use in lactating cows and has a 96-hour milk discard time. Withdrawal time to slaughter is 3 days.
Albendazole (Valbazen) is available in paste or suspension. It is effective against all abdominal worms including tapeworms, and lungworms equally well as liver flukes. It has a 27-day withdrawal for slaughter. Information technology should not be used in animals during the first 45 days of pregnancy.
Oxfendazole (Synonthic) is a new wormer that is effective against intestinal parasites including tapeworms. This wormer has a unique commitment system in that the wormer is injected directly into the rumen. Oxfendazole is too available in the drench form.
Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Levamisole, Albendazole and Oxfendazole are not canonical for use in dairy cattle or dairy heifers of convenance age.
Methods of Administration
Administering a wormer to individual animals is the only way to be sure that each one is getting the required corporeality of active material relative to its body weight. This section describes the various methods of administration, their advantages, the drawbacks, and suggestions to ensure "success."
Orally
Wormers in liquid form, or suspension can exist administered by drenching, with a dose syringe or with multiple dose equipment with a haversack reservoir. Avoid getting any of the wormer into the lungs where it could initiate pneumonia. Pour-on fomulations are absorbed following direct application to the skin.
Boluses should be given with a balling gun to get them by the base of operations of the tongue. It is non uncommon for cattle to concur a bolus in the mouth for some time and and so spit information technology out. Always observe an animal to exist sure it has swallowed the boluses before releasing it.
The paste formulations of wormers are given with special guns, comparable to a caulking gun, designed for each individual product. The tip of the tube is placed in the corner of the oral fissure, and the paste deposited on the dorsum of the tongue. Do not forcefulness the gun deep into the mouth every bit the paste tin can cause difficult breathing or the gun tin crusade injury to soft tissues of the oral fissure. Skillful restraint, preferably a squeeze chute, is essential to successful oral administration of wormers. Almost cattle are caput shy and will resist the operator'due south try to treat them orally.
Injections
Injections should be made with clean equipment and precipitous needles. Withdraw the wormer through the rubber diaphragm stopper. Never open the bottle to fill up the syringe; this increases the chances for contamination and post injection abscesses. The injections should exist under the peel of the neck, not into the muscle. Never inject in the rear quarters. Practice not inject more than than x ml of drug in a unmarried site.
Feed-Incorporated Materials
Crumbles or granules that tin can exist incorporated into the feed are bonny to many producers, because the need to catch and restrain each creature is eliminated. However, it is all the same necessary to assure that each animal gets the appropriate deworming dose of medication. Information technology is recommended that feed incorporated wormers be used but when (1) cattle are on full-feed, (2) feed is in forepart of them 24 hours a day, and (iii) the wormer tin can exist thoroughly incorporated into a consummate mixed ration. All of these criteria must be met to ensure complete worming of the entire group of cattle.
Fenbendazole is likewise available in a "lick-block" course that can exist used with pastured cattle.
A well-planned parasite control program strategically timed to minimize contamination of lots and pastures with parasite larvae tin exist very cost effective.
RR 5/92
Reference to products in this publication is not intended to be an endorsement to the exclusion of others which may be similar. Persons using such products assume responsibility for their use in accordance with electric current label directions of the manufacturer.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Dwelling Economic science, State of Indiana, Purdue University and U.Due south. Department of Agriculture Cooperating. H.A. Wadsworth, Manager, West Lafayette, IN. Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914. It is the policy of the Cooperative Extension Service of Purdue University that all persons shall accept equal opportunity and access to our programs and facilities.
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